Frasi di John Schwarz

John Henry Schwarz è un fisico statunitense.

Insieme a Yōichirō Nambu, Gabriele Veneziano, Michael Green, Leonard Susskind, ed Edward Witten, è considerato uno dei padri fondatori della Teoria delle stringhe.

Schwarz ha studiato matematica ad Harvard e fisica teorica all'Università della California a Berkeley , dove ebbe come supervisore Geoffrey Chew. Per molti anni è stato uno dei pochissimi fisici che ha sostenuto la teoria delle stringhe quale possibile percorso verso una teoria quantistica della gravità. Il suo lavoro con Michael Green sulla cancellazione anomala nelle teorie di stringhe di tipo I, ha condotto alla cosiddetta "prima rivoluzione delle superstringhe" del 1984, che ha contribuito fortemente ad inquadrare la teoria delle stringhe nel quadro generale della ricerca in fisica teorica.

Schwarz è stato professore associato all'Università di Princeton dal 1966 al 1972. Successivamente si è trasferito presso il California Institute of Technology , dove ricopre ancora il ruolo di professore di fisica teorica "Harold Brown". Egli è un membro dell'Accademia delle Scienze ed è stato insignito della medaglia Dirac dall'International Centre for Theoretical Physics di Trieste nel 1989, nonché del premio intitolato a Dannie Heineman per la fisica matematica dall'American Physical Society nel 2002. È anche stato un socio della fondazione MacArtur nel 1987. Wikipedia

✵ 22. Novembre 1941

John Schwarz: 5 frasi 0 Mi piace

John Schwarz: Frasi in inglese

“Supergravity theories generically contain non-compact global symmetry groups. The general rule is that the scalar fields of the theory in question parametrize a symmetric space. Thus, if the non-compact symmetry group is G, and its maximal compact subgroup is H, the scalar fields map the space-time into the symmetric space G/H, and the number of scalar fields is dim G – dim H. The first supergravity example of this type to be found, N = 4 supergravity is one of the most interesting. In this case there are two scalar fields and the symmetric space is SL(2,R)/SO(2).”

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John Henry Schwarz

p. 1

“In the early 1960s there existed a successful quantum theory of the electromagnetic force (QED), which was completed in the late 1940s, but the theories of the weak and strong nuclear forces were not yet known. In UC Berkeley, where I was a graduate student during the period 1962 – 66, the emphasis was on developing a theory of the strong nuclear force. I felt that UC Berkeley was the center of the Universe for high energy theory at the time. Geoffrey Chew (my thesis advisor) and Stanley Mandelstam were highly influential leaders. Also, Steve Weinberg and Shelly Glashow were impressive younger faculty members. David Gross was a contemporaneous Chew student with whom I shared an office.”

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John Henry Schwarz

[Schwarz, J. H., The early years of string theory: a personal perspective, https://arxiv.org/pdf/0708.1917.pdf, 2007]

“Among the problems of the known string theories, as a theory of hadrons, was the fact that the spectrum of open strings contains massless spin 1 particles, and the spectrum of closed strings contains a massless spin 2 particle (as well as other massless particles), but there are no massless hadrons. In 1974, Joël Scherk and I decided to take string theory seriously as it stood, rather than forcing it to conform to our preconceptions. … Specifically, Scherk and Schwarz (1974) proposed trying to interpret string theory as a unified quantum theory of all forces including gravity. Neveu and Scherk (1972) had shown that string theory incorporates the correct gauge invariances to ensure agreement at low energies (compared to the scale given by the string tension) with Yang-Mills theory. Yoneya (1973,1974) and Scherk and Schwarz (1974) showed that it also contains gauge invariances that ensure agreement at low energies with general relativity.”

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John Henry Schwarz

[Schwarz, J. H., The early history of string theory and supersymmetry, 2012, https://arxiv.org/abs/1201.0981]

“As I once told a newspaper reporter, in order to be sure to be quoted: discovery of supersymmetry would be more profound than life on Mars.”

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John Henry Schwarz

[Schwarz, J. H., Introduction to superstring theory, 2000, arXiv preprint arXiv:hep-ex/0008017, http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0008017] p. 5

“The second superstring revolution (1994-??) has brought non-perturbative string physics within reach. The key discoveries were the recognition of amazing and surprising "dualities." They have taught us that what we viewed previously as five theories is in fact five different perturbative expansions of a single underlying theory about five different points! It is now clear that there is a unique theory, though it may allow many different vacua…. Three different kinds of dualities, called S, T, and U have been identified."”

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John Henry Schwarz

pp. 4–5

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