Frasi di Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (27 frasi)

Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis: 27 frasi 0 Mi piace

Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis frasi celebri

“Causare loro [agli animali] dolore senza necessità è una crudeltà e un'ingiustizia. Forse l'esempio più forte del potere dell'abitudine e del costume su di noi sta nel fatto che essi abbiano soffocato, nella maggior parte degli uomini, ogni rimorso.”

Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis

Origine: Da Du droit sur les bêtes, in Œuvres (1768); citato in Erica Joy Mannucci, La cena di Pitagora. Storia del vegetarianismo dall'antica Grecia a Internet, Carocci editore, Roma, 2008, p. 80. ISBN 978-88-430-4574-7

“L'azione è proporzionale al prodotto della massa per la velocità e lo spazio. Ecco dunque il principio così saggio, così degno dell'Essere Supremo: appena si verifica un qualche cambiamento nella Natura, la quantità d'azione impiegata per questo cambiamento è sempre la minore possibile.”

Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis

“Cartesio sembra aver creduto in buona fede che le bestie non abbiano anima e, cosa ancor più sorprendente, è riuscito a persuadere della cosa i suoi discepoli. Un principio male inteso e portato alle estreme conseguenze, lo condusse a tale idea. […] Egli cercò forse di fondare un sistema cosi paradossale solo per piacere ai teologi: ma accadde esattamente il contrario. Essi temettero che, ammettendo un tal meccanismo come causa di tutte le azioni delle bestie, non si arrivasse a sostenere che esso era sufficiente a spiegare anche quelle degli uomini; che le bestie non avendo anima, anche gli uomini potessero pensare di farne a meno: si gridò allo scandalo e all'empietà.”

Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis

Origine: Da Lettres; citato in Gino Ditadi, I filosofi e gli animali, vol. 2, Isonomia editrice, Este, 1994, p. 667. ISBN 88-85944-12-4

Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis: Frasi in inglese

“Everything is so arranged that the blind logic of mathematics executes the will of the most enlightened and free Mind.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Les Loix du Mouvement et du Repos, déduites d'un Principe Métaphysique (1746)

“It is only mental habit that prevents us from realizing how miraculous it is that motion can be passed from one body to another. Once our eyes have opened, nothing is so striking. For those who have never thought about it, it doesn't seem mysterious; by contrast, those who have meditated on it may despair of ever understanding it.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Les Loix du Mouvement et du Repos, déduites d'un Principe Métaphysique (1746)

“We cannot doubt that all things are regulated by a supreme Being, who, while he has imprinted on matter forces which show his power, has destined it to execute effects which mark his wisdom… Let us calculate the motion of bodies, but let us also consult the designs of the Intelligence which makes them move.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Les Oeuvres De Mr. De Maupertuis (1752) vol. iv p. 22; as quoted by Philip Edward Bertrand Jourdain, The Principle of Least Action (1913) p. 6.

“The most beautiful discoveries since the Renaissance, indeed since the beginnings of all science, are the laws governing light, whether moving through a uniform medium, or being reflected from an opaque surface, or changing direction upon entering another transparent medium.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Accord de différentes loix de la nature qui avoient jusqu’ici paru incompatibles (1744)

“It is interesting to note that Newton was not impressed by Descartes' great argument for God's existence derived from the idea of a perfect Being, nor by other metaphysical arguments that we have mentioned; yet Newton's own arguments for God's existence from the uniformity and suitability of different parts of the universe would not have seemed like proofs to Descartes.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Les Loix du Mouvement et du Repos, déduites d'un Principe Métaphysique (1746)

“Despite the disorder observed in Nature, one finds enough traces of the wisdom and power of its Author that one cannot fail to recognize Him.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Les Loix du Mouvement et du Repos, déduites d'un Principe Métaphysique (1746)

“Now I have to define what I mean by "action". When a material body is transported from one point to another, it involves an action that depends on the speed of the body and on the distance it travels. However, the action is neither the speed nor the distance taken separately; rather, it is proportional to the sum of the distances travelled multiplied each by the speed at which they were travelled.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Accord de différentes loix de la nature qui avoient jusqu’ici paru incompatibles (1744)

“On the 15th of April 1744, I described the principle upon which the following work is based, in the public assembly of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris, as reported in the Acts of that academy.
At the end of the same year, Professor Euler published his excellent book Methodus inveniendi lineas curvas maximi minimive proprietate gaudentes. In a supplement to his book, this illustrious geometer showed that, in the trajectory of a particle acted on by a central force, the velocity multiplied by the line element of the trajectory is minimized.
This observation gave me great pleasure, as a beautiful application of my principle to the motion of the planets, which is determined by this principle.
From the same principle, I will now try to derive higher and more important truths.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Les Loix du Mouvement et du Repos, déduites d'un Principe Métaphysique (1746)

“When a change occurs in Nature, the quantity of action necessary for that change is as small as possible.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Les Loix du Mouvement et du Repos, déduites d'un Principe Métaphysique (1746)

“The quantity of action is the product of the mass of the bodies times their speed and the distance they travel. When a body is transported from one place to another, the action is proportional to the mass of the body, to its speed and to the distance over which it is transported.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Les Loix du Mouvement et du Repos, déduites d'un Principe Métaphysique (1746)

“The supreme Being is everywhere; but He is not equally visible everywhere. Let us seek Him in the simplest things, in the most fundamental laws of Nature, in the universal rules by which movement is conserved, distributed or destroyed; and let us not seek Him in phenomena that are merely complex consequences of these laws.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Les Loix du Mouvement et du Repos, déduites d'un Principe Métaphysique (1746)

“Let us calculate the motion of bodies, but also consult the plans of the Intelligence that makes them move.
It seems that the ancient philosophers made the first attempts at this sort of science, in looking for metaphysical relationships between numbers and material bodies. When they said that God occupies himself with geometry, they surely meant that He unites in that science the works of His power with the perspectives of His wisdom.
From the all too few ancient geometers who undertook such studies, we have little that is intelligible or well-founded. The perfection which geometry has acquired since their time puts us in a better position to succeed, and may more than compensate for the advantages that those great minds had over us.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Accord de différentes loix de la nature qui avoient jusqu’ici paru incompatibles (1744)

“I must now explain what I mean by the quantity of action. A certain action is necessary for the carrying of a body from one point to another: this action depends on the velocity which the body has and the space which it describes; but it is neither the velocity nor the space taken separately. The quantity of action varies directly as the velocity and the length of path described; it is proportional to the sum of the spaces, each being multiplied by the velocity with which the body describes it. It is this quantity of action which is here the true expense (dépense) of nature, and which she economizes as much as possible in the motion of light.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Histoire de l'Academie (1744) p. 423; Les Oeuvres De Mr. De Maupertuis (1752) vol. iv p. 17; as quoted by Philip Edward Bertrand Jourdain, The Principle of Least Action https://books.google.com/books?id=y3UVAQAAIAAJ (1913) p. 5.

“The refraction of light agrees with the grand principle that Nature always uses the simplest means to accomplish its effects. From this principle, can be derived whenever light passes from one medium to another, the ratio of the sine of the angle of refraction to the sine of the angle of refraction equals the inverse ratio of the speeds at which light moves in each medium.
But this "budget", this expense of action that Nature minimizes in the refraction of light, is it also minimized in the direct propagation and reflection of light? Yes, it always has the smallest possible value.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Accord de différentes loix de la nature qui avoient jusqu’ici paru incompatibles (1744)

“Research into motion was not to the liking (or perhaps not within the scope) of the ancients, so that we may consider it as a completely new science. How could the ancients have discovered the laws of moiton, given that some philosophers reduced all their speculations about motion to sophistic disputes, whereas others denied that motion existed at all?”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Les Loix du Mouvement et du Repos, déduites d'un Principe Métaphysique (1746)

“After so many great men have worked on this subject, I almost do not dare to say that I have discovered the universal principle upon which all these laws are based, a principle that covers both elastic and inelastic collisions and describes the motion and equilibrium of all material bodies.
This is the principle of least action, a principle so wise and so worthy of the supreme Being, and intrinsic to all natural phenomena; one observes it at work not only in every change, but also in every constancy that Nature exhibits. In the collision of bodies, motion is distributed such that the quantity of action is as small as possible, given that the collision occurs. At equilibrium, the bodies are arranged such that, if they were to undergo a small movement, the quantity of action would be smallest.
The laws of motion and equilibrium derived from this principle are exactly those observed in Nature. We may admire the applications of this principle in all phenomena: the movement of animals, the growth of plants, the revolutions of the planets, all are consequences of this principle. The spectacle of the universe seems all the more grand and beautiful and worthy of its Author, when one considers that it is all derived from a small number of laws laid down most wisely. Only thus can we gain a fitting idea of the power and wisdom of the supreme Being, not from some small part of creation for which we know neither the construction, usage, nor its relationship to other parts. What satisfaction for the human spirit in contemplating these laws of motion and equilibrium for all bodies in the universe, and in finding within them proof of the existence of Him who governs the universe!”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Les Loix du Mouvement et du Repos, déduites d'un Principe Métaphysique (1746)

“The first law is the same for both light and material bodies; they both move in a straight line, as long as they are not deflected by an outside force.
The second law is also the same as that governing the reflection of an elastic ball from an impenetrable surface. Mechanics shows that such a ball is reflected from such a surface so that its angle of reflection equals its angle of incidence, as observed for light.
But the third law still requires a plausible explanation. The passage of light from one medium to another exhibits behavior that is totally different from a ball moving through different media.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Accord de différentes loix de la nature qui avoient jusqu’ici paru incompatibles (1744)

“Having discovered the true principle, I then derived all the laws that govern the motion of light, those concerning its direct propagation, its reflection and its refraction. I reserve for particular members of our Assembly the geometrical demonstration of my theory.
I know the distaste that many mathematicians have for final causes applied to physics, a distaste that I share up to some point. I admit, it is risky to introduce such elements; their use is dangerous, as shown by the errors made by Fermat and Leibniz in following them. Nevertheless, it is perhaps not the principle that is dangerous, but rather the hastiness in taking as a basic principle that which is merely a consequence of a basic principle.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Accord de différentes loix de la nature qui avoient jusqu’ici paru incompatibles (1744)

“Nature always uses the simplest means to accomplish its effects.”

Help us translate this quote

Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Formulation of the principle of least action, as stated in Mémoires de l'académie royale des sciences (Accord between different laws of Nature that seemed incompatible), 1748, 417-426 (15 April 1744).