„È difficile immaginare esperimento più sterile di risultati scientifici della vivisezione […].“
— Auguste Comte
da Corso di filosofia positiva
Frasi di Auguste Comte
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Auguste Comte
Data di nascita: 17. Gennaio 1798
Data di morte: 5. Settembre 1857
Pubblicità
Auguste Comte, nome completo Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte , è stato un filosofo e sociologo francese, considerato il padre del Positivismo.
Discepolo di Henri de Saint-Simon, è generalmente considerato l'iniziatore di questa corrente filosofica. Comte coniò il termine "fisica sociale" per indicare un nuovo campo di studi. Questa definizione era però utilizzata anche da alcuni altri intellettuali suoi rivali e così, per differenziare la propria disciplina, inventò la parola sociologia. Comte considerava questo campo disciplinare come un possibile terreno di produzione di conoscenza sociale basata su prove scientifiche. Volendo sbarazzarsi della metafisica, esalta quasi religiosamente la conoscenza scientifica che mira a osservare per conoscere senza apriorismi. Si richiama comunque a Kant e Leibniz affermando che nell'uomo esistono disposizioni mentali spontanee.
Il libro che secondo la maggior parte degli storici segna l'inizio del Periodo positivista è il Corso di Filosofia Positiva, monumentale opera che raccoglie i suoi cicli di lezioni. Negli ultimi anni Comte fondò una sorta di religione atea e scientifica, la Chiesa Positivista.
La sua citazione «Ordine e progresso» figura sulla bandiera del Brasile .
Autori simili
Jean Baudrillard36
filosofo e sociologo franceseAlexis De Tocqueville44
filosofo, politico e storico franceseEdgar Morin22
filosofo e sociologo franceseZygmunt Bauman63
sociologo e filosofo polaccoUmberto Galimberti97
filosofo e psicoanalista italianoPierre Joseph Proudhon10
filosofo, sociologo, economista e anarchico franceseHerbert Marcuse26
filosofo, sociologo e politologo tedescoÉmile Durkheim5
sociologo, antropologo e storico delle religioni franceseJacques Le Goff6
storico franceseFrasi Auguste Comte
„Le scienze, nel passato, hanno liberato la mente umana dalla tutela della teologia e dalla metafisica che, indispensabile nella sua infanzia, tendeva a prolungare tale infanzia indefinitamente. Nel presente, devono servire, sia con i loro metodi, sia con i loro risultati generali, a determinare la riorganizzazione delle teorie sociali. Nell'avvenire, costituiranno, una volta sistematizzate, la base spirituale permanente dell'ordine sociale, finché durerà sulla terra l'attività della nostra specie.“
— Auguste Comte
da Considérationes philosophiques sur les sciences et les savants, 1825, in Systéme de politique positive
Pubblicità
„Non si conosce a fondo una scienza finché non se ne conosce la storia.“
— Auguste Comte
da Corso di filosofia positiva
„Social positivism only accepts duties, for all and towards all. Its constant social viewpoint cannot include any notion of rights, for such notion always rests on individuality.“
— Auguste Comte
Context: Social positivism only accepts duties, for all and towards all. Its constant social viewpoint cannot include any notion of rights, for such notion always rests on individuality. We are born under a load of obligations of every kind, to our predecessors, to our successors, to our contemporaries. These obligations then increase or accumulate, for it is some time before we can return any service. … Any human right is therefore as absurd as immoral. Since there are no divine rights anymore, this concept must therefore disappear completely as related only to the preliminary regime and totally inconsistent with the final state where there are only duties based on functions.
Le Catéchisme positiviste (1852)
„The principal means of realizing it will be the formation of an alliance between philosophers and the working classes, for which both are alike prepared by the negative and positive progress of the last five centuries. The direct object of their combined action will be to set in motion the force of Public Opinion.“
— Auguste Comte
p. 153
„The errors of Communism must be rectified; but there is no necessity for giving up the name, which is a simple assertion of the paramount importance of Social Feeling. However, now that we have happily passed from monarchy to republicanism, the name of Communist is no longer indispensable; the word Republican expresses the meaning as well, and without the same danger. Positivism, then, has nothing to fear from Communism; on the contrary, it will probably be accepted by most Communists among the working classes, especially in France where abstractions have but little influence on minds thoroughly emancipated from theology. The people will gradually find that the solution of the great social problem which Positivism offers is better than the Communistic solution.“
— Auguste Comte
p. 169
„And now I have explained the series of social and intellectual conditions by which the discovery of sociological laws, and consequently the foundation of Positivism, was fixed for the precise date at which I began my philosophical career: that is to say, one generation after the progressive dictatorship of the Convention, and almost immediately after the fall of the retrograde tyranny of Bonaparte.“
— Auguste Comte
p. 71
„Notwithstanding the eminent difficulties of the mathematical theory of sonorous vibrations, we owe to it such progress as has yet been made in acoustics. The formation of the differential equations proper to the phenomena is, independent of their integration, a very important acquisition, on account of the approximations which mathematical analysis allows between questions, otherwise heterogeneous, which lead to similar equations. This fundamental property, whose value we have so often to recognize, applies remarkably in the present case; and especially since the creation of mathematical thermology, whose principal equations are strongly analogous to those of vibratory motion. This means of investigation is all the more valuable on account of the difficulties in the way of direct inquiry into the phenomena of sound. We may decide the necessity of the atmospheric medium for the transmission of sonorous vibrations; and we may conceive of the possibility of determining by experiment the duration of the propagation, in the air, and then through other media; but the general laws of the vibrations of sonorous bodies escape immediate observation. We should know almost nothing of the whole case if the mathematical theory did not come in to connect the different phenomena of sound, enabling us to substitute for direct observation an equivalent examination of more favorable cases subjected to the same law. For instance, when the analysis of the problem of vibrating chords has shown us that, other things being equal, the number of oscillations is hi inverse proportion to the length of the chord, we see that the most rapid vibrations of a very short chord may be counted, since the law enables us to direct our attention to very slow vibrations. The same substitution is at our command in many cases in which it is less direct.“
— Auguste Comte
Bk. 3, chap. 4; as cited in: Moritz (1914, 240)
„All classes, therefore, must be brought under women’s influence; for all require to be reminded constantly of the great truth that Reason and Activity are subordinate to Feeling. Of their influence upon philosophers I have spoken. If they are men worthy of their mission, they will be conscious of the tendency which their life has to harden them and lead them into useless speculation; and they will feel the need of renewing the ardour of their social sympathy at its native source. Feeling, when it is pure and deep, corrects its own errors, because they clash with the good to which it is ever tending. But erroneous use of the intellectual or practical faculties, cannot be even recognized, much less corrected, without the aid of Affection, which is the only part of our nature that suffers directly from such errors. Therefore whenever either the philosopher or the people deviate from duty, it will be the part of women to remonstrate with them gently, and recall them to the true social principles which are entrusted to their special charge.“
— Auguste Comte
p. 253-254
„The mathematical thermology created by Fourier may tempt us to hope that, as he has estimated the temperature of the space in which we move, me may in time ascertain the mean temperature of the heavenly bodies: but I regard this order of facts as for ever excluded from our recognition. We can never learn their internal constitution, nor, in regard to some of them, how heat is absorbed by their atmosphere. We may therefore define Astronomy as the science by which we discover the laws of the geometrical and mechanical phenomena presented by the heavenly bodies.“
— Auguste Comte
Book II: Astronomy, Ch. I: General View
„The first condition of unity is a subjective principle; and this principle in the Positive system is the subordination of the intellect to the heart: Without this the unity that we seek can never be placed on a permanent basis, whether individually or collectively. It is essential to have some influence sufficiently powerful to produce convergence amid the heterogeneous and often antagonistic tendencies of so complex an organism as ours.“
— Auguste Comte
p. 24
