„È difficile immaginare esperimento più sterile di risultati scientifici della vivisezione [... ].“
— Auguste Comte
da Corso di filosofia positiva
Frasi di Auguste Comte
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Auguste Comte
Data di nascita: 17. Gennaio 1798
Data di morte: 5. Settembre 1857
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Auguste Comte, nome completo Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte , è stato un filosofo e sociologo francese, considerato il padre del Positivismo.
Discepolo di Henri de Saint-Simon, è generalmente considerato l'iniziatore di questa corrente filosofica. Comte coniò il termine "fisica sociale" per indicare un nuovo campo di studi. Questa definizione era però utilizzata anche da alcuni altri intellettuali suoi rivali e così, per differenziare la propria disciplina, inventò la parola sociologia. Comte considerava questo campo disciplinare come un possibile terreno di produzione di conoscenza sociale basata su prove scientifiche. Volendo sbarazzarsi della metafisica, esalta quasi religiosamente la conoscenza scientifica che mira a osservare per conoscere senza apriorismi. Si richiama comunque a Kant e Leibniz affermando che nell'uomo esistono disposizioni mentali spontanee.
Il libro che secondo la maggior parte degli storici segna l'inizio del Periodo positivista è il Corso di Filosofia Positiva, monumentale opera che raccoglie i suoi cicli di lezioni. Negli ultimi anni Comte fondò una sorta di religione atea e scientifica, la Chiesa Positivista.
La sua citazione «Ordine e progresso» figura sulla bandiera del Brasile .
Frasi Auguste Comte
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„Non si conosce a fondo una scienza finché non se ne conosce la storia.“
— Auguste Comte
da Corso di filosofia positiva
„Le scienze, nel passato, hanno liberato la mente umana dalla tutela della teologia e dalla metafisica che, indispensabile nella sua infanzia, tendeva a prolungare tale infanzia indefinitamente. Nel presente, devono servire, sia con i loro metodi, sia con i loro risultati generali, a determinare la riorganizzazione delle teorie sociali. Nell'avvenire, costituiranno, una volta sistematizzate, la base spirituale permanente dell'ordine sociale, finché durerà sulla terra l'attività della nostra specie.“
— Auguste Comte
da Considérationes philosophiques sur les sciences et les savants, 1825, in Systéme de politique positive
„Social positivism only accepts duties, for all and towards all. Its constant social viewpoint cannot include any notion of rights, for such notion always rests on individuality.“
— Auguste Comte
Context: Social positivism only accepts duties, for all and towards all. Its constant social viewpoint cannot include any notion of rights, for such notion always rests on individuality. We are born under a load of obligations of every kind, to our predecessors, to our successors, to our contemporaries. These obligations then increase or accumulate, for it is some time before we can return any service. … Any human right is therefore as absurd as immoral. Since there are no divine rights anymore, this concept must therefore disappear completely as related only to the preliminary regime and totally inconsistent with the final state where there are only duties based on functions.
Le Catéchisme positiviste (1852)
„The errors of Communism must be rectified; but there is no necessity for giving up the name, which is a simple assertion of the paramount importance of Social Feeling. However, now that we have happily passed from monarchy to republicanism, the name of Communist is no longer indispensable; the word Republican expresses the meaning as well, and without the same danger. Positivism, then, has nothing to fear from Communism; on the contrary, it will probably be accepted by most Communists among the working classes, especially in France where abstractions have but little influence on minds thoroughly emancipated from theology. The people will gradually find that the solution of the great social problem which Positivism offers is better than the Communistic solution.“
— Auguste Comte
p. 169
„After Montesquieu, the next great addition to Sociology (which is the term I may be allowed to invent to designate Social Physics) was made by Condorcet, proceeding on the views suggested by his illustrious friend Turgot.“
— Auguste Comte
Book VI: Social Physics, Ch. II: Principle Philosophical Attempts to Constitute a Social System
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„All classes, therefore, must be brought under women’s influence; for all require to be reminded constantly of the great truth that Reason and Activity are subordinate to Feeling. Of their influence upon philosophers I have spoken. If they are men worthy of their mission, they will be conscious of the tendency which their life has to harden them and lead them into useless speculation; and they will feel the need of renewing the ardour of their social sympathy at its native source. Feeling, when it is pure and deep, corrects its own errors, because they clash with the good to which it is ever tending. But erroneous use of the intellectual or practical faculties, cannot be even recognized, much less corrected, without the aid of Affection, which is the only part of our nature that suffers directly from such errors. Therefore whenever either the philosopher or the people deviate from duty, it will be the part of women to remonstrate with them gently, and recall them to the true social principles which are entrusted to their special charge.“
— Auguste Comte
p. 253-254
„The principal means of realizing it will be the formation of an alliance between philosophers and the working classes, for which both are alike prepared by the negative and positive progress of the last five centuries. The direct object of their combined action will be to set in motion the force of Public Opinion.“
— Auguste Comte
p. 153
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„The dead govern the living.“
— Auguste Comte
Le Catéchisme positiviste (1852)
„The first condition of unity is a subjective principle; and this principle in the Positive system is the subordination of the intellect to the heart: Without this the unity that we seek can never be placed on a permanent basis, whether individually or collectively. It is essential to have some influence sufficiently powerful to produce convergence amid the heterogeneous and often antagonistic tendencies of so complex an organism as ours.“
— Auguste Comte
p. 24
„A common monetary standard will be established, with the consent of the various governments, by which industrial transactions will be greatly facilitated. Three spheres made respectively of gold, silver, and platinum, and each weighing fifty grammes, would differ sufficiently in value for the purpose. The sphere should have a small flattened base, and on the great circle parallel to it the Positivist motto would be inscribed. At the pole would be the image of the immortal Charlemagne, the founder of the Western Republic, and round the image his name would be engraved, in its Latin form, Carolus; that name, respected as it is by all nations of Europe alike, would be the common appellation of the universal monetary standard.“
— Auguste Comte
p. 430
