Frasi di Pierre Joseph Proudhon
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Pierre Joseph Proudhon
Data di nascita: 15. Gennaio 1809
Data di morte: 19. Gennaio 1865
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon è stato un filosofo, sociologo, economista e anarchico francese.
È stato il primo ad attribuire un significato positivo alla parola "anarchia", che prima era utilizzata soltanto in senso dispregiativo, cioè nel senso di caos, disordine .
Foto: Gustave Courbet, http://flag.blackened.net/liberty/archive.html / Public domain
Frasi Pierre Joseph Proudhon
„Chiedo di vivere lavorando se no morrò combattendo.“
da Che cos'è la proprietà, 1840
„Essere governato significa essere guardato a vista, ispezionato, spiato, diretto, legiferato, regolamentato, recintato, indottrinato, catechizzato, controllato, stimato, valutato, censurato, comandato, da parte di esseri che non hanno né il titolo, né la scienza, né la virtù. Essere governato vuol dire essere, ad ogni azione, ad ogni transazione, ad ogni movimento, annotato, registrato, censito, tariffato, timbrato, squadrato, postillato, ammonito, quotato, collettato, patentato, licenziato, autorizzato, impedito, riformato, raddrizzato, corretto. Vuol dire essere tassato, addestrato, taglieggiato, sfruttato, monopolizzato, concusso, spremuto, mistificato, derubato, e, alla minima resistenza, alla prima parola di lamento, represso, emendato, vilipeso, vessato, braccato, tartassato, accoppato, disarmato, ammanettato, imprigionato, fucilato, mitragliato, giudicato, condannato, deportato, sacrificato, venduto, tradito, e per giunta schernito, dileggiato, ingiuriato, disonorato, tutto con il pretesto della pubblica utilità e in nome dell'interesse generale. (da Idée générale de la Révolution au XIXe siècle“
1851), Paris, Rivière, 1923; trad. it. L'idea generale di rivoluzione nel XIX secolo, Firenze, Centro Editoriale Toscano, 2001.
„Chi parla di umanità vuol trarvi in inganno.“
Origine: Citato in Focus, n. 110, pag. 175.
„Dio è l'ombra della coscienza proiettata sul campo dell'immaginazione.“
da Della giustizia nella Rivoluzione e nella Chiesa
„La scienza non ha fatto progressi che dopo aver eliminato Dio.“
da Studio di filologia sacra, 1838
„La teologia è la scienza dell'infinitamente assurdo.“
da Della giustizia nella Rivoluzione e nella Chiesa
„I protest against every order with which some authority may feel pleased on the basis of some alleged necessity to over-rule my free will. Laws: We know what they are, and what they are worth! They are spider webs for the rich and mighty, steel chains for the poor and weak, fishing nets in the hands of government.“
"The Authority Principle" in No Gods, No Masters : An Anthology of Anarchism (1980) Daniel Guérin, as translated by Paul Sharkey (1998), p. 90
Contesto: I stand ready to negotiate, but I want no part of laws: I acknowledge none; I protest against every order with which some authority may feel pleased on the basis of some alleged necessity to over-rule my free will. Laws: We know what they are, and what they are worth! They are spider webs for the rich and mighty, steel chains for the poor and weak, fishing nets in the hands of government.
„AXIOM. — Property is the Right of Increase claimed by the Proprietor over any thing which he has stamped as his own.“
Origine: What is Property? (1840), Ch. IV
„To name a thing is easy: the difficulty is to discern it before its appearance.“
Origine: What is Property? (1840), Ch. I: "Method Pursued in this Work. The Idea of a Revolution"
Contesto: To name a thing is easy: the difficulty is to discern it before its appearance. In giving expression to the last stage of an idea, — an idea which permeates all minds, which to-morrow will be proclaimed by another if I fail to announce it to-day, — I can claim no merit save that of priority of utterance. Do we eulogize the man who first perceives the dawn?
Yes: all men believe and repeat that equality of conditions is identical with equality of rights; that property and robbery are synonymous terms; that every social advantage accorded, or rather usurped, in the name of superior talent or service, is iniquity and extortion. All men in their hearts, I say, bear witness to these truths; they need only to be made to understand it.
„Now, if we are honest truth-seekers, we shall avoid disputes about words.“
Origine: What is Property? (1840), Ch. V: "Psychological Explanation of the Idea of Justice and Injustice, and the Determination of the Principle of Government and of Right," Part 2: Characteristics of Communism and of Property
Contesto: Communism is inequality, but not as property is. Property is the exploitation of the weak by the strong. Communism is the exploitation of the strong by the weak. In property, inequality of conditions is the result of force, under whatever name it be disguised: physical and mental force; force of events, chance, fortune; force of accumulated property, &c. In communism, inequality springs from placing mediocrity on a level with excellence. This damaging equation is repellent to the conscience, and causes merit to complain; for, although it may be the duty of the strong to aid the weak, they prefer to do it out of generosity, — they never will endure a comparison. Give them equal opportunities of labor, and equal wages, but never allow their jealousy to be awakened by mutual suspicion of unfaithfulness in the performance of the common task.
Communism is oppression and slavery. Man is very willing to obey the law of duty, serve his country, and oblige his friends; but he wishes to labor when he pleases, where he pleases, and as much as he pleases. He wishes to dispose of his own time, to be governed only by necessity, to choose his friendships, his recreation, and his discipline; to act from judgment, not by command; to sacrifice himself through selfishness, not through servile obligation. Communism is essentially opposed to the free exercise of our faculties, to our noblest desires, to our deepest feelings. Any plan which could be devised for reconciling it with the demands of the individual reason and will would end only in changing the thing while preserving the name. Now, if we are honest truth-seekers, we shall avoid disputes about words.
Thus, communism violates the sovereignty of the conscience, and equality: the first, by restricting spontaneity of mind and heart, and freedom of thought and action; the second, by placing labor and laziness, skill and stupidity, and even vice and virtue on an equality in point of comfort. For the rest, if property is impossible on account of the desire to accumulate, communism would soon become so through the desire to shirk.
„All men in their hearts, I say, bear witness to these truths; they need only to be made to understand it.“
Origine: What is Property? (1840), Ch. I: "Method Pursued in this Work. The Idea of a Revolution"
Contesto: To name a thing is easy: the difficulty is to discern it before its appearance. In giving expression to the last stage of an idea, — an idea which permeates all minds, which to-morrow will be proclaimed by another if I fail to announce it to-day, — I can claim no merit save that of priority of utterance. Do we eulogize the man who first perceives the dawn?
Yes: all men believe and repeat that equality of conditions is identical with equality of rights; that property and robbery are synonymous terms; that every social advantage accorded, or rather usurped, in the name of superior talent or service, is iniquity and extortion. All men in their hearts, I say, bear witness to these truths; they need only to be made to understand it.
„It is necessary to have lived in this insulator which is called the national assembly, in order to perceive how the men who are the most completely ignorant of the state of the country are almost always the ones who represent it.“
Confessions of a Revolutionary (1849)
Contesto: It is necessary to have lived in this insulator which is called the national assembly, in order to perceive how the men who are the most completely ignorant of the state of the country are almost always the ones who represent it. I set myself to read everything that the distribution bureau sends the representatives: proposals, reports, brochures, even the Moniteur and the Bulletin of the laws. The greater part of my colleagues of the left and the extreme left were in the same perplexity of spirit, in the same ignorance of the daily facts. The national workshops were spoken of only with a kind of fright; for fear of the people is the defect of all those who belong to authority; the people, as concerns power, is the enemy.
„To be governed is to be watched over, inspected, spied on, directed, legislated at, regulated, docketed, indoctrinated, preached at, controlled, assessed, weighed, censored, ordered about, by men who have neither the right, nor the knowledge, nor the virtue.“
Idée Générale de la Révolution au XIXe Siècle [The General Idea of the Revolution] (1851); quoted in The Anarchists (1964) by James Joll, Ch. 3, p. 78
Contesto: To be governed is to be watched over, inspected, spied on, directed, legislated at, regulated, docketed, indoctrinated, preached at, controlled, assessed, weighed, censored, ordered about, by men who have neither the right, nor the knowledge, nor the virtue. … To be governed is to be at every operation, at every transaction, noted, registered, enrolled, taxed, stamped, measured, numbered, assessed, licensed, authorized, admonished, forbidden, reformed, corrected, punished. It is, under the pretext of public utility, and in the name of the general interest, to be placed under contribution, trained, ransomed, exploited, monopolized, extorted, squeezed, mystified, robbed; then, at the slightest resistance, the first word of complaint, to be repressed, fined, despised, harassed, tracked, abused, clubbed, disarmed, choked, imprisoned, judged, condemned, shot, deported, sacrificed, sold, betrayed; and, to crown all, mocked, ridiculed, outraged, dishonoured. That is government; that is its justice; that is its morality.
