Frasi di Alan Turing

Alan Mathison Turing è stato un matematico, logico e crittografo britannico, considerato uno dei padri dell'informatica e uno dei più grandi matematici del XX secolo.

Il suo lavoro ebbe vasta influenza sullo sviluppo dell'informatica, grazie alla sua formalizzazione dei concetti di algoritmo e calcolo mediante la macchina di Turing, che a sua volta ha svolto un ruolo significativo nella creazione del moderno computer. Per questo contributo Turing è solitamente considerato il padre della scienza informatica e dell'intelligenza artificiale, da lui teorizzate già negli anni trenta .

Fu anche uno dei più brillanti crittoanalisti che operavano in Inghilterra, durante la seconda guerra mondiale, per decifrare i messaggi scambiati da diplomatici e militari delle Potenze dell'Asse. Turing lavorò infatti a Bletchley Park, il principale centro di crittoanalisi del Regno Unito, dove ideò una serie di tecniche per violare i cifrari tedeschi, incluso il metodo della Bomba, una macchina elettromeccanica in grado di decodificare codici creati mediante la macchina Enigma.

Morì suicida a soli 41 anni, in seguito alle persecuzioni subite da parte delle autorità britanniche a causa della sua omosessualità.

✵ 23. Giugno 1912 – 7. Giugno 1954   •   Altri nomi Алан Матисон Тьюринг, एलन ट्यूरिंग
Alan Turing photo
Alan Turing: 47   frasi 59   Mi piace

Alan Turing frasi celebri

Questa traduzione è in attesa di revisione. È corretto?

“Possiamo vedere solo poco davanti a noi, ma possiamo vedere tante cose che bisogna fare.”

dal suo articolo sul test di Turing

Frasi su auto di Alan Turing

Questa traduzione è in attesa di revisione. È corretto?

“Potremmo anche immaginare una macchina calcolatrice che viene fatta lavorare con una memoria basata sui libri. Non sarebbe molto facile, ma immensamente preferibile a un singolo lungo nastro. Per pura ipotesi supponiamo che le difficoltà implicite nell'uso di libri come memoria siano superate, cioè che si riesca a sviluppare gli artifici meccanici necessari per trovare il libro giusto, aprirlo alla pagina giusta e così via, imitando l'azione delle mani e degli occhi umani. Non si può girare una pagina molto velocemente senza strapparla, e se gli spostamenti dovessero essere numerosi e veloci, l'energia richiesta sarebbe molto grande. Se muovessimo un libro ogni millisecondo e ciascuno fosse mosso di dieci metri e pesasse 200 grammi, e se ogni volta l'energia cinetica fosse dispersa senza recupero, dovremmo consumare 10^10 watt, pari a circa la metà del consumo di energia della nazione. Per avere una macchina davvero veloce, allora, dobbiamo tenere la nostra informazione, o almeno una parte di questa, in una forma più accessibile di quella che può essere ottenuta con i libri. Sembra che questo risultato possa essere ottenuto solo al prezzo di sacrificare compattezza d economia, cioè tagliando le pagine dal libro e presentando ciascuna a un meccanismo di lettura separato. Alcuni dei metodi di memorizzazione che sono sviluppati ai giorni nostri non si allontanano molto da questo modello.”

Mechanical Intelligence: Collected Works of A.M. Turing

Alan Turing Frasi e Citazioni

“No, non mi interessa sviluppare un cervello elettronico potente. Mi accontento di uno mediocre, un po' come quello del presidente dell'AT&T.”

Attribuite
Origine: Pronunciato alla mensa dei Bell Labs, 1943; citato in A. Hodges, Storia di un enigma – Alan Turing, Boringhieri.

“La scienza è un'equazione differenziale. La religione è una condizione al contorno.”

Attribuite
Origine: Citato in J. D. Barrow, Teorie del tutto. La ricerca della spiegazione ultima.

Alan Turing: Frasi in inglese

Alan Turing frase: “Sometimes it is the people no one can imagine anything of who do the things no one can imagine.”

“Sometimes it is the people no one can imagine anything of who do the things no one can imagine.”

Variante: Sometimes it is the people who no one imagines anything of who do the things that no one can imagine.

“These questions replace our original, "Can machines think?"”

Alan Turing Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950)
Contesto: "Can machines think?"... The new form of the problem can be described in terms of a game which we call the 'imitation game." It is played with three people, a man (A), a woman (B), and an interrogator (C) who may be of either sex. The interrogator stays in a room apart front the other two. The object of the game for the interrogator is to determine which of the other two is the man and which is the woman. He knows them by labels X and Y, and at the end of the game he says either "X is A and Y is B" or "X is B and Y is A." The interrogator is allowed to put questions to A and B... We now ask the question, "What will happen when a machine takes the part of A in this game?" Will the interrogator decide wrongly as often when the game is played like this as he does when the game is played between a man and a woman? These questions replace our original, "Can machines think?"

“Mathematical reasoning may be regarded rather schematically as the exercise of a combination of two facilities, which we may call intuition and ingenuity.”

Alan Turing Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals

"Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals," section 11: The purpose of ordinal logics (1938), published in Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, series 2, vol. 45 (1939)
In a footnote to the first sentence, Turing added: "We are leaving out of account that most important faculty which distinguishes topics of interest from others; in fact, we are regarding the function of the mathematician as simply to determine the truth or falsity of propositions."
Contesto: Mathematical reasoning may be regarded rather schematically as the exercise of a combination of two facilities, which we may call intuition and ingenuity. The activity of the intuition consists in making spontaneous judgements which are not the result of conscious trains of reasoning... The exercise of ingenuity in mathematics consists in aiding the intuition through suitable arrangements of propositions, and perhaps geometrical figures or drawings.

“We can only see a short distance ahead, but we can see plenty there that needs to be done.”

Alan Turing Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Origine: Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950), p. 460.
Origine: Computing machinery and intelligence

“I believe that at the end of the century the use of words and general educated opinion will have altered so much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted.”

Alan Turing Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Origine: Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950), p. 442.
Origine: Computing machinery and intelligence

“Machines take me by surprise with great frequency.”

Alan Turing Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Origine: Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950), p. 450.

“The view that machines cannot give rise to surprises is due, I believe, to a fallacy to which philosophers and mathematicians are particularly subject. This is the assumption that as soon as a fact is presented to a mind all consequences of that fact spring into the mind simultaneously with it. It is a very useful assumption under many circumstances, but one too easily forgets that it is false.”

Alan Turing Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Origine: Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950), p. 451.
Contesto: The view that machines cannot give rise to surprises is due, I believe, to a fallacy to which philosophers and mathematicians are particularly subject. This is the assumption that as soon as a fact is presented to a mind all consequences of that fact spring into the mind simultaneously with it. It is a very useful assumption under many circumstances, but one too easily forgets that it is false. A natural consequence of doing so is that one then assumes that there is no virtue in the mere working out of consequences from data and general principles.

“The majority of them seem to be "sub-critical," i.e., to correspond in this analogy to piles of sub-critical size. An idea presented to such a mind will on average give rise to less than one idea in reply. A smallish proportion are super-critical. An idea presented to such a mind may give rise to a whole "theory" consisting of secondary, tertiary and more remote ideas.”

Alan Turing Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Origine: Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950), p. 454.
Contesto: Another simile would be an atomic pile of less than critical size: an injected idea is to correspond to a neutron entering the pile from without. Each such neutron will cause a certain disturbance which eventually dies away. If, however, the size of the pile is sufficiently increased, the disturbance caused by such an incoming neutron will very likely go on and on increasing until the whole pile is destroyed. Is there a corresponding phenomenon for minds, and is there one for machines? There does seem to be one for the human mind. The majority of them seem to be "sub-critical," i. e., to correspond in this analogy to piles of sub-critical size. An idea presented to such a mind will on average give rise to less than one idea in reply. A smallish proportion are super-critical. An idea presented to such a mind may give rise to a whole "theory" consisting of secondary, tertiary and more remote ideas. Animals minds seem to be very definitely sub-critical. Adhering to this analogy we ask, "Can a machine be made to be super-critical?"

“I am not very impressed with theological arguments whatever they may be used to support. Such arguments have often been found unsatisfactory in the past.”

Alan Turing Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Origine: Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950), pp. 443-444.
Contesto: I am not very impressed with theological arguments whatever they may be used to support. Such arguments have often been found unsatisfactory in the past. In the time of Galileo it was argued that the texts, "And the sun stood still... and hasted not to go down about a whole day" (Joshua x. 13) and "He laid the foundations of the earth, that it should not move at any time" (Psalm cv. 5) were an adequate refutation of the Copernican theory.

“The original question, 'Can machines think?' I believe to be too meaningless to deserve discussion.”

Origine: Mechanical Intelligence: Collected Works of A.M. Turing

“Instruction tables will have to be made up by mathematicians with computing experience and perhaps a certain puzzle-solving ability. There need be no real danger of it ever becoming a drudge, for any processes that are quite mechanical may be turned over to the machine itself.”

"Proposed Electronic Calculator" (1946), a report for National Physical Laboratory, Teddington; published in A. M. Turing's ACE Report of 1946 and Other Papers (1986), edited by B. E. Carpenter and R. W. Doran, and in The Collected Works of A. M. Turing (1992), edited by D. C. Ince, Vol. 3.

“Presumably the child-brain is something like a note-book as one buys it from the stationer's. Rather little mechanism, and lots of blank sheets.”

Alan Turing Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Origine: Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950), p. 456.

“A man provided with paper, pencil, and rubber, and subject to strict discipline, is in effect a universal machine.”

Alan Turing Intelligent Machinery

"Intelligent Machinery: A Report by A. M. Turing," (Summer 1948), submitted to the National Physical Laboratory (1948) and published in Key Papers: Cybernetics, ed. C. R. Evans and A. D. J. Robertson (1968) and, in variant form, in Machine Intelligence 5, ed. B. Meltzer and D. Michie (1969).

“May not machines carry out something which ought to be described as thinking but which is very different from what a man does?”

Alan Turing Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950)

“Science is a differential equation. Religion is a boundary condition.”

Epigram to Robin Gandy (1954); reprinted in Andrew Hodges, Alan Turing: the Enigma (Vintage edition 1992), p. 513.

“[T]he m-configuration may be changed.”

Alan Turing Computable Numbers

On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem (1936)

“The machine may also change the square which is being scanned, but only by shifting it one place to right or left.”

Alan Turing Computable Numbers

On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem (1936)

“The "scanned symbol" is the only one of which the machine is... "directly aware."”

Alan Turing Computable Numbers

However, by altering its m-configuration the machine can effectively remember some of the symbols which it has "seen" (scanned) previously.
On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem (1936)

Autori simili

Bertrand Russell photo
Bertrand Russell 176
filosofo, logico e matematico gallese
Ludwig Wittgenstein photo
Ludwig Wittgenstein 112
filosofo e logico austriaco
Paul Dirac photo
Paul Dirac 3
fisico e matematico britannico
Stephen Hawking photo
Stephen Hawking 38
matematico, fisico e cosmologo britannico
John Nash photo
John Nash 8
matematico ed economista statunitense
Niels Bohr photo
Niels Bohr 8
fisico e matematico danese
Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie photo
Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie 8
matematico e fisico francese
Archibald Joseph Cronin photo
Archibald Joseph Cronin 33
scrittore britannico
Daphne du Maurier photo
Daphne du Maurier 4
scrittrice britannica
Peter Ustinov photo
Peter Ustinov 19
attore britannico