Frasi di Michel Foucault
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Paul-Michel Foucault è stato un filosofo, sociologo, storico, accademico e saggista francese.

Filosofo, "archeologo dei saperi", saggista letterario, professore al Collège de France, tra i grandi pensatori del XX secolo, Foucault fu l'unico che realizzò il progetto storico-genealogico propugnato da Friedrich Nietzsche allorché segnalava che, nonostante ogni storicismo, continuasse a mancare una storia della follia, del crimine e del sesso.

I lavori di Foucault si concentrano su un argomento simile a quello della burocrazia e della connessa razionalizzazione trattato da Max Weber. Egli studiò lo sviluppo delle prigioni, degli ospedali, delle scuole e di altre grandi organizzazioni sociali. Sua è la teorizzazione che vide il modello del Panopticon, ideato da Jeremy Bentham come paradigma della società moderna.

Importanti sono anche gli studi di Foucault sulla sessualità, che egli crede non sia sempre esistita così come la conosciamo oggi e così come soprattutto ne discutiamo. In particolare negli ultimi due secoli la sfera del sesso è stata oggetto di una volontà di sapere, di una pratica confessionale che prosegue in maniera blanda ma comunque diffusa la volontà di potere e di sapere istituita con la modernità dalle istituzioni prima religiose e poi secolari.

Altro tema ampiamente trattato dal filosofo francese è quello della cura di sé, un principio filosofico rintracciabile nel periodo ellenistico greco e nell'età tardo imperiale romana. Assieme a Gilles Deleuze e Pierre Klossowski, fu un pensatore molto importante per il post-strutturalismo.

✵ 15. Ottobre 1926 – 25. Giugno 1984
Michel Foucault photo
Michel Foucault: 153   frasi 31   Mi piace

Michel Foucault frasi celebri

Questa traduzione è in attesa di revisione. È corretto?

“Mai la psicologia potrà dire la verità sulla follia, perché è la follia a detenere la verità della psicologia.”

da Malattia mentale e psicologia, traduzione di F. Polidori, Cortina Raffaello, 1997

“Sviluppate la vostra legittima stranezza.”

History of Madness

Frasi sulla pazzia di Michel Foucault

“Dall'uomo al vero uomo, la strada passa per l'uomo pazzo.”

da Storia della follia nell'età classica
Variante: Dall'uomo all'uomo vero, il cammino passa attraverso l'uomo folle.

“Non esiste una sola cultura al mondo in cui sia permesso di fare tutto.”

appendice La follia, l'assenza di opera, p. 478
Storia della follia nell'età classica

Michel Foucault Frasi e Citazioni

“Forse ai nostri giorni l'obiettivo non è quello di scoprire che cosa siamo, ma di rifiutare quello che siamo. Dobbiamo immaginare e costruire quello che potremmo essere.”

da Perché studiare il potere: la questione del soggetto, traduzione di Roberto Cagliero, revisione di Marcella Pogatschnig, in Poteri e strategie, a cura di P. Dalla Vigna, Mimesis Edizioni, 1994

“Il potere, lungi dall'impedire il sapere, lo produce. Se si è potuto costituire un sapere sul corpo, è stato attraverso un insieme di discipline militari e scolastiche. È solo a partire da un potere sul corpo che un sapere fisiologico, organico era possibile.”

da Potere-corpo, in Microfisica del potere: interventi politici, a cura di Alessandro Fontana, Pasquale Pasquino, traduzione di Giovanna Procacci, Einaudi, 1982<sup>4</sup>

Michel Foucault: Frasi in inglese

“The disappearance of public executions marks therefore the decline of the spectacle; but it also marks a slackening of the hold on the body.”

Michel Foucault libro Discipline and Punish

Origine: Discipline and Punish (1977), Chapter One, The Spectacle of the Scaffold

“There are moments in life where the question of knowing whether one might think otherwise than one thinks and perceive otherwise than one sees is indispensable if one is to continue to observe or reflect… What is philosophy today… if it does not consist in, instead of legitimizing what we already know, undertaking to know how and how far it might be possible to think otherwise?… The ‘essay’ —which must be understood as a transforming test of oneself in the play of truth and not as a simplifying appropriation of someone else for the purpose of communication—is the living body of philosophy, if, at least, philosophy is today still what it was once, that is to say, an askesis, an exercise of the self, in thought.”

Il y a des moments dans la vie où la question de savoir si on peut penser autrement qu’on ne pense et percevoir autrement qu’on ne voit est indispensable pour continuer à regarder ou à réfléchir… Qu’est-ce donc que la philosophie aujourd’hui… si elle ne consiste pas, au lieu de légitimer ce qu’on sait déjà, à entreprendre de savoir comment et jusqu’où il serait possible de penser autrement ?… L’ « essai »—qu’il faut entendre comme épreuve modificatrice de soi-même dans le jeu de la vérité et non comme appropriation simplificatrice d’autrui à des fins de communication—est le corps vivant de la philosophie, si du moins celle-ci est encore maintenant ce qu’elle était autrefois, c’est-à-dire une « ascèse », un exercice de soi, dans la pensée.
Vol. II : L’usage des plaisirs p. 15-16.
History of Sexuality (1976–1984)

“Discourses are tactical elements or blocks operating in the field of force relations; there can exist different and even contradictory discourses within the same strategy; they can, on the contrary, circulate without changing their form from one strategy to another, opposing strategy.”

Les discours sont des éléments ou des blocs tactiques dans le champ des rapports de force; il peut y en avoir de différents et même de contradictoires à l'intérieur d'une même stratégie; ils peuvent au contraire circuler sans changer de forme entre des stratégies opposées.
Vol I, pp. 101-102
History of Sexuality (1976–1984)

“The public execution, then, has a juridico-political function. It is a ceremonial by which a momentarily injured sovereignty is reconstituted.”

Michel Foucault libro Discipline and Punish

Origine: Discipline and Punish (1977), Chapter One, The Spectacle of the Scaffold
Contesto: The public execution, then, has a juridico-political function. It is a ceremonial by which a momentarily injured sovereignty is reconstituted. It restores that sovereignty by manifesting it at its most spectacular. The public execution, however hasty and everyday, belongs to a whole series of great rituals in which power is eclipsed and restored (coronation, entry of the king into a conquered city, the submission of rebellious subjects); over and above the crime that has placed the sovereign in contempt, it deploys before all eyes an invincible force. Its aim is not so much to re-establish a balance as to bring into play, as its extreme point, the dissymmetry between the subject who has dared to violate the law and the all-powerful sovereign who displays his strength.

“A critique is not a matter of saying that things are not right as they are. It is a matter of pointing out on what kinds of assumptions, what kinds of familiar, unchallenged, unconsidered modes of thought the practices that we accept rest.”

“Practicing criticism, or, is it really important to think?”, interview by Didier Eribon, May 30-31, 1981, in Politics, Philosophy, Culture, ed. L. Kriztman (1988), p. 155

“There can be no doubt that the existence of public tortures and executions were connected with something quite other than this internal organization. Rusche and Kirchheimer are right to see it as the effect of a system of production in which labour power, and therefore the human body, has neither the utility nor the commercial value that are conferred on them in an economy of an industrial type. Moreover, this ‘contempt’ for the body is certainly related to a general attitude to death; and, in such an attitude, one can detect not only the values proper to Christianity, but a demographical, in a sense biological, situation: the ravages of disease and hunger, the periodic massacres of the epidemics, the formidable child mortality rate, the precariousness of the bio-economic balances – all this made death familiar and gave rise to rituals intended to integrate it, to make it acceptable and to give a meaning to its permanent aggression. But in analysing why the public executions survived for so long, one must also refer to the historical conjuncture; it must not be forgotten that the ordinance of 1670 that regulated criminal justice almost up to the Revolution had even increased in certain respects the rigour of the old edicts; Pussort, who, among the commissioners entrusted with the task of drawing up the documents, represented the intentions of the king, was responsible for this, despite the views of such magistrates as Lamoignon; the number of uprisings at the very height of the classical age, the rumbling close at hand of civil war, the king’s desire to assert his power at the expense of the parlements go a long way to explain the survival of so severe a penal system.”

Michel Foucault libro Discipline and Punish

Origine: Discipline and Punish (1977), pp. 51

“I try to carry out the most precise and discriminative analyses I can in order to show in what ways things change, are transformed, are displaced. When I study the mechanisms of power, I try to study their specificity… I admit neither the notion of a master nor the universality of his law. On the contrary, I set out to grasp the mechanisms of the effective exercise of power; and I do this because those who are inserted in these relations of power, who are implicated therein, may, through their actions, their resistance, and their rebellion, escape them, transform them—in short, no longer submit to them. And if I do not say what ought to be done, it is not because I believe there is nothing to be done. Quite on the contrary, I think there are a thousand things to be done, to be invented, to be forged, by those who, recognizing the relations of power in which they are implicated, have decided to resist or escape them. From this point of view, my entire research rests upon the postulate of an absolute optimism. I do not undertake my analyses to say: look how things are, you are all trapped. I do not say such things except insofar as I consider this to permit some transformation of things. Everything I do, I do in order that it may be of use.”

Quand j’étudie les mécanismes de pouvoir, j’essaie d’étudier leur spécificité… Je n’admets ni la notion de maîtrise ni l’universalité de la loi. Au contraire, je m’attache à saisir des mécanismes d’exercise effectif de pouvoir ; et je le fais parce que ceux qui sont insérés dans ces relations de pouvoir, qui y sont impliqués peuvent, dans leurs actions, dans leur résistance et leur rébellion, leur échapper, les transformer, bref, ne plus être soumis. Et si je ne dis pas ce qu’il faut faire, ce n’est pas parce que je crois qu’il n’y a rien à faire. Bien au contraire, je pense qu’il y a mille choses à faire, à inventer, à forger par ceux qui, reconnaissant les relations de pouvoir dans lesquelles ils sont impliqués, ont décidé de leur résister ou de leur échapper. De ce point de vue, toute ma recherche repose sur un postulat d’optimisme absolu. Je n’effectue pas mes analyses pour dire : voilà comment sont les choses, vous êtes piégés. Je ne dis ces choses que dans la mesure où je considère que cela permet de les transformer. Tout ce que je fais, je le fais pour que cela serve.
Dits et Écrits 1954–1988 (1976) Vol. II, 1976–1988 edited by Daniel Defert and François Ewald, p. 911-912

“The criticism of the reformers was directed not so much at the weakness or cruelty of those in authority, as at a bad economy of power.”

Michel Foucault libro Discipline and Punish

Origine: Discipline and Punish (1977), Chapter Two, pp.. 79

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